17 results
Algorithm for evaluating multiple ring-enhancing lesions in immunocompetent (HIV negative)

#ringenhancing #lesions #cns #brain #diagnosis #differential #algorithm
ringenhancing #lesions #cns ... #brain #diagnosis ... #differential # ... algorithm #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
CNS: parietal ... (Many causes!) ... encephalitis) • Brain ... • Psychiatric disorders ... diagnosis #neurology #differential
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
CNS Ring-Enhancing ... + toxo IgG • CNS ... 30% present w/ CNS ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
CNS Manifestations ... , Seizure disorders ... autoantibodies that will cause ... thrombosis and/or blood-brain ... Erythematosus #SLE #CNS
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
affecting the brain ... nervous system (CNS ... an underlying autoimmune ... Inflammatory causes ... optica spectrum disorder
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
Weakness - Differential ... pulmonary etc) • CNS ... -> PNS -> NMJ - ... necrotizing myopathy • Autoimmune ... cryoglobulins • PNS
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... hemoglobinuria (PNH ... lymphoproliferative disorders ... #differential # ... diagnosis #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Syndrome (CAS ... Viral infection, autoimmune ... CLL (older) • Autoimmune ... ) Differential ... hemolytic #anemia #hematology
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Parotid swelling CNS ... nervous system (CNS ... • 8%-27% for CNS ... effusion, INC risk ... Malignancy Risk
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
permanent alopecia Differential ... disease • Non-autoimmune ... • May involve PNS ... and CNS • Headache ... Thrombosis highest risk