14 results
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
- Water - Pus ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Barre - ALS - Transverse ... myelitis • Hematology ... : - Anemia
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... Management #treatment #hematology ... #oncology
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Neoplastic / Hematologic ... • Anemia • ... Obstructive Pulmonary ... Fatigue Syndrome
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Iron deficiency anemia ... discoloration) • Chronic ... Muehrcke's Lines - Transverse ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
and petechiae Causes ... (MDS) (normal or ... Hypocellular/Hypoplastic MDS ... abnormalities typical for MDS ... #oncology #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... skin that are caused ... Marrow Failure • Chronic ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Renal failure (uremia ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... acidosis: - CNS ... Daniyal Hashmi, MD
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
• May involve PNS ... neuropathy • Transverse ... vein thrombosis Hematologic ... lymphopenia, low PLT • Anemia ... with Lupus: • Chronic
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
the midbrain or pons ... heart failure, uremia ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... asthma, chronic ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary