10 results
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Causes of Dyspnea ... - Water - Pus ... Barre - ALS - Transverse ... myelitis • Hematology ... : - Anemia
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
Rheumatoid arthritis ... reticularis Blood: Anemia ... inflammation tends to cause ... interstitial lung disease/pulmonary ... pathophysiology #signs
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
Macrophage Activation ... juvenile idiopathic arthritis ... nervous system (CNS ... with leukopenia, anemia ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
• May involve PNS ... neuropathy • Transverse ... vein thrombosis Hematologic ... lymphopenia, low PLT • Anemia ... Chronic B-cell activation
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
the midbrain or pons ... heart failure, uremia ... of dyspnea and ... Occasional sighs ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
• CT: Halo sign ... Lymphadenopathy, CNS ... factor • May cause ... ), anemia, arthralgia ... Infections #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... count ↑ PLT • ↑ PBS ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Bone pain, dyspnea ... #Leukemia #Hematology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
purpura: Strong sign ... May develop in pts ... tract, and often causes ... arthritis. ... Differential #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... peripheral neuropathy, transverse ... , INC risk PE, Pulmonary ... Nephrogenic DI Hematologic ... Arthralgia and Arthritis
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

High mortality without prompt recognition and management. HLH is a critical diagnostic consideration in
hyperinflammatory syndrome caused ... by uncontrolled activation ... Presentation • Common Signs ... - Cytopenias (anemia ... Diagnosis #Management #Hematology