2823 results
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
cause is unknown ... diseases that cause ... Causes: • Idiopathic ... other secondary causes ... endoscopic myotomy [POEM
Achalasia Management Algorithm
 - Botulinum Injection
 - Pharmacotherapy (CCB/nitrates)
 - Pneumatic Dilation
 - Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy
Achalasia Management ... Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM ... Esophagectomy #Achalasia
#POEMS syndrome
#POEMS syndrome
Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Causes of Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
 • Neuromuscular causes: CVA/CNS tumor/ALS, Parkinson's,
and Esophageal Causes ... Neuromuscular causes ... • Structural causes ... Neuromuscular causes ... of EG junction: Achalasia
Achalasia Management Options - Decision Aid
- Peroral endoscopic Myotomy (POEM)
- Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM)
- Pneumatic Dilatation
Achalasia Management ... endoscopic Myotomy (POEM ... ) - Botox #Achalasia
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Paraprotein-associated (POEMS ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Drugs Causing Acute Pancreatitis

Class Ia: The medications in which there was a rechallenge and other causes
rechallenge and other causes ... out other common causes ... Class II: Cases ... and atleast4 case ... #Pancreatitis #Causes
Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy on Chest X-Ray aka Gastric Pull-up
Ivor Lewis procedure is a type of esophagectomy
remind you of Achalasia ... deformity offer clues ... distinguish it from achalasia
Dysphagia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Structural
 • Tumors
 • Zenker's Diverticulum
 • Foreign Bodv
Neuromuscular Toxic/Metabolic
 • Myasthenia
Scleroderma • Achalasia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes