245 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
7.35-7.45 • PaCO2 ... 35-45 mmHg • PaO2 ... Metabolic: pH pCO2 ... ↓ ↓ Metabolic Acidosis ... For Metabolic Acidosis
Acid-Base Balance & ABG Normal Ranges Visualization #AcidBase #ABG #Medicine #Physiology #CriticalCare
Base Excess BE -2 to
2 (4=metabolic acidosis ... ), paCO2 4.7-6 ... HCO3+Cl) 10-18 paO2
Acid-Base Balance & ABG Normal Ranges Visualization #AcidBase #ABG #Medicine #Physiology #CriticalCare
Base Excess BE -2 to
2 (4=metabolic acidosis ... ), paCO2 4.7-6 ... HCO3+Cl) 10-18 paO2
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... reaches the alveoli) PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... sepsis) - High PaO2
Markers of Organ Dysfunction in Severe Sepsis 
Altered consciousness 
Confusion 
Psychosis 

Tachycardia 
Hypotension 
Altered CVP 
Altered
Altered CVP Altered PAOP ... Tachypnoea PaO2 ... <70mmHg SaO2 < ... 90% PaO2/FiO2 300%
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Elevation, Lactic Acidosis ... Type A Lactic Acidosis ... - Hypoxemia (PaO2 ... Type B Lactic Acidosis ... Lactate #Lactic #Acidosis
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis - Metabolic + Respiratory Acidosis + Alkalosis

pH ↓ pCO2 ↓ -
+ Respiratory Acidosis ... ↓ - Metabolic acidosis ... pH ↑ pCO2 ↑ - ... - Respiratory acidosis ... #Compensation #acidosis
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... (Patm - 47) - (PaCO2 ... /0.8)] - PaO2 Simplified ... /0.8)] - PaO2 Normal
Perform computations online at:
ScyMed.com
6th ED
ICU-card
«ICU, Formulas & Drugs»
HEMODYNAMIC PATTERNS
Condition
SAP
CVP

PAP PCWP

CO C(a-v)02 PVR

SVR
Hypovolemic shock
↓
↓
↓
↓
↓
↑
↑
↑
Cardiogenic shock
↓
1
↑
1

1
↑

Septic shock
↓
↓
↓
↓
↑
↓
↓
↓
Cardiac Tamponade
.
↑
↑
1
↓

→
↑
RV
-PECO2))/PaCO2 ... age-corrected PAO2 ... /R) | Pa02 80- ... ))+(Pa02*0.0031) ... )-(CvO2) Pa02
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
• Metabolic Acidosis ... • Respiratory Acidosis ... (pCO2 > 40 mmHg ... Respiratory Alkalosis (pCO2