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Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... Diagnosis: Causes ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... bloodgas #Acid #Base
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... sepsis) - High PaO2 ... summary #pulmonary #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Markers of Organ Dysfunction in Severe Sepsis 
Altered consciousness 
Confusion 
Psychosis 

Tachycardia 
Hypotension 
Altered CVP 
Altered
Altered CVP Altered PAOP ... Tachypnoea PaO2 ... 90% PaO2/FiO2 300% ... Protein C #Diagnosis ... #CriticalCare #Diagnosis
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... - PaO2 A-a gradient ... /0.8)] - PaO2 Normal ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential ... #diagnosis
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... AcidBase #Disorders #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Acid Base Disorders Worksheet

Step 1: Gather the necessary data (Na+, CI-, HCO3-, PH, pCO2). Preferably, all
Acid Base Disorders ... Step 7: Make the diagnoses ... using the differentials ... joshsteinbergMD #Acid #Base ... #differential
PLACO Mnemonic - Approach to Acid-Base Disorders
P - Determine the pH
L - Labs: PCO2 & HCO3
A
Approach to Acid-Base ... pH L - Labs: PCO2 ... AcidBase #Acid #Base ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
arterial oxygen (PaO2 ... compensate for low PaO2 ... hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential ... #diagnosis #comparison
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Evaluation and Differential ... Diagnosis 1) Start ... and ~5 mmHg to pCO2 ... Differential Diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #acidosis
Acid Base Compensation - Directions - If all three variables (pH, HCO2, pCO2) move in the
Acid Base Compensation ... variables (pH, HCO2, pCO2 ... #Diagnosis #Nephro