431 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = PAO2 ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
O2 is inspired) PAO2 ... reaches the alveoli) PaO2 ... Low SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... Hypoxemia #summary #pulmonary ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
HYPOVENTILATION • Rising PaCO2 ... obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... : Interstitial lung ... bypassing the lungs ... hepatopulmonary syndrome
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... leading to increased pulmonary ... consistent with pulmonary ... on CT or CXR ● PaO2 ... RespiratoryDistress #Syndrome
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Interstitial lung ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... #Causes #Pulmonary
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
Causes of Pleural ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pneumonectomy • Trapped lung ... Malignancy • Pulmonary ... #Hepatology #causes
Main causes of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases.

#differential #algorithm #diagnosis #causes #DPLD #ILD #parenchymal #lung #diseases #pulmonary
Main causes of diffuse ... parenchymal lung ... #differential #algorithm ... #diagnosis #causes ... #diseases #pulmonary
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... consistent with pulmonary ... lobar collapse, lung ... collapse, or pulmonary ... Respiratory #Distress #Syndrome
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Causes of Dyspnea ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Superior vena cava syndrome ... • Interstitial lung ... #Causes
Cystic Lung Disease
Upper Lobe Predominant: 
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Pneumocystis Jiroveci, Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Paracoccidioidomycosis,
Cystic Lung Disease ... Ehlers-danlos Syndrome ... nickmmark #Cystic #Lung ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #pulmonary