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diagnosis management algorithm rhabdomyolysis gitelman heatstroke illness low metabolic nongap pathophysiology sodium stroke summary syndrome
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... with renal tubal acidosis ... fluids, Burns, Pancreatitis ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
exertion/training - Seizures ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #treatment #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework Heat Cramps: • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Loss of sodium/Potassium ... illness → Hypernatremia ... consciousness, Coma/seizure ... - Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... : • Hypovolemia ... polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... : Congestive Heart ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... Heavy exercise, Heat ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... pressure Labs: • Hypokalemia ... Renal tubular acidosis ... pathophysiology #Hypokalemia
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
exertion/training, Seizures ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
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