12 results
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts ... formation along glomerular ... staining (lg + complement ... MGPN • Complement ... pathway • C3
Arrhythmias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
May present as: palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest discomfort
Cardiac Causes:
 - Structural
Arrhythmias - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Accessory pathway ... Arrhythmias #Cardiology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Medical Conditions Causing Mania or Mania-Like Episodes: Pathogenesis
 • Bipolar Disorder -> Combination of individual, genetic,
neurotransmitter pathways ... methionine (SAM) pathway ... Manic #Secondary #Causes ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
evaluated for glomerular ... or alternative complement ... pathways. ... infections are common causes ... of glomerular disease
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
three primary pathophysiologic ... causes differentiated ... staining): • Low Complement ... Glomerulonephritis #Vasculitis #differential ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
its excretory pathway ... although hepatic causes ... namely, the many causes ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... Hyperammonemia #Differential
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... rate by tubulo-glomerular ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Humoral Immunity - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Antigens (Ag) are produced from pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
activation • Complement ... the classical pathway ... (see Complement ... proliferate and differentiate ... Humoral #Immunity #pathophysiology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
evaluated for glomerular ... or alternative complement ... pathways. 6) SPEP ... infections are common causes ... #glomerular #disease
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
• They can cause ... Cryoglobulins Cause ... Through 2 Different Pathways ... • Low serum C4 complement ... diagnosis #types #classification