11 results
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... syndrome—due to GBM ... hematuria. ... Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... , proteinuria suggest ... intrinsic renal disease ... prostatic) #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... Brown urine - Proteinuria ... of glomerular disease ... Bladder Causes ... #urology #nephrology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) 
 - Loss of kidney function over a short period of tirne
of glomerular disease ... (hematuria, proteinuria ... Basement Membrane (GBM ... Glomerulonephritis #RPGN #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
toxo IgG • CNS PCR ... granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Cytomegalovirus; GBM ... impairment), heart disease ... Nephrocalcinosis causes ... Hematuria may be ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
Rhombencephalitis
BACTERIAL
- Listeria (biphasic illness with bulbar dysfunction occurring later)
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Pneumococcus
- Brucella
- Borrelia (Lyme Disease)
-
Borrelia (Lyme Disease ... Viruses (HSV, EBV ... opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome - brain ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Neurology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
multiplex • Hematuria ... , proteinuria, rapidly ... tract, and often causes ... glomerulonephritis) • Anti-GBM ... #rheumatology #classification
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
• Infectious causes ... ruled out • Brain ... MRI: Check for brain ... Brucellosis - Dengue, EBV ... diagnosis #management #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
present in 15% of cases ... Demyelinating disease ... caused by the JC ... effect/Edema • EBV ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology