7 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
→ Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Algorithm #Workup #urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... examination of urine ... - Proteinuria ... #urology #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
syndrome—due to GBM ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
CNS Ring-Enhancing ... PCR 50% sensitive ... granulomatosis: • EBV-associated ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Cytomegalovirus; GBM ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... because nephritic urine ... Hematuria may be ... nephrotic #syndrome #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
status, and focal neurologic ... Demyelinating disease caused ... effect/Edema • EBV ... confusion, and focal neurologic ... InfectiousDiseases #Neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... virus • CMV • EBV ... established by CSF or urine ... culture or by serology ... differential #diagnosis #neurology