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diagnosis management neurology gitelman barre clinical guillain video apex causes comatose differential diuresis diuretics encephalopathy excretion gbs guillainbarre hematology hepatology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
hypomagnesemia • Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... have fever - ACS ... organ damage • Treatment ... : • Pathophysiology ... hydration - Hyperkalemia
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus ... Pathophysiology: ... Treatment: anticholinergics ... pleurothotonus #PhysicalExam ... #clinical #neurology
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 Gitelman Syndrome - Management Treatment includes - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... - Management Treatment ... Mg, preferably Cl ... In persistent hypokalemia ... #nephrology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... complete paralysis of all ... Treatment: • Plasmapheresis ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome ... Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup Blood Work: - Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Blood Work: - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Fractional excretion of Cl ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... circulation: MCA ACA ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment ... diagnosis #management #neurology
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