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diagnosis management gitelman causes differential antipsychotics high pathophysiology potassium psychiatry table adverse atypical comparison criticalcare crystalloids decisionaid diuresis diuretics encephalopathy
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... distal tubule. ↑ Nacl ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... potassium #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Heat stroke - Metabolic ... or compartment syndrome ... Treatment of underlying ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... potassium #high #nephrology
Side Effects of Atypical and Typical Antipsychotics - Comparison Table Atypical antipsychotics: Risperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine, Amisulpride, Ziprasidone
are common to all ... , weight gain, metabolic ... syndrome, increased ... Antipsychotics #SideEffects ... Table #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
Second Generation Antipsychotics: Mechanisms and Side Effects (Atypical Anti-Psychotics) - Examples: Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone, Zotepine, Paliperidone,
considered 2nd line treatment ... Antagonism - Block ACh ... body • Cardio-metabolic ... SecondGeneration #Mechanisms #SideEffects ... #pharmacology #
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... circulation: MCA ACA ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment
Gitelman Syndrome - Management Treatment includes - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... - Management Treatment ... Mg, preferably Cl ... In persistent hypokalemia ... #nephrology
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues. This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
inevitably leads to Metabolic ... Metabolic Acidosis ... the ECF causes Hyperkalemia ... management #diagnosis #treatment ... #pharmacology #
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