PivotShift shift hyperkalemia nephrology injury sports - GrepMed

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Pivot-Shift Test in ACL-deficient Knee

This patient has pathologic varus alignment across the knee and a chronic

Pivot-Shift Test ... dr.dold.md #Pivot #Shift ... #PivotShift #test ... #ACL #Knee #Injury ... #PhysicalExam #Sports

Normal (Negative) Pivot-Shift Test for ACL Knee Injury

Andrew Dold, MD @dr.dold.md

#Pivot #Shift #PivotShift #test #ACL #Knee

Negative) Pivot-Shift ... Test for ACL Knee Injury ... #PivotShift #test ... #ACL #Knee #Injury ... #PhysicalExam #Sports

Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
• Increased Intake
• Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with

Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential

Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
• Alkalosis
• ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation
• Erythropoiesis

Hypokalemia - Differential ... Transcellular Shift ... Transcellular shifts ... MatthewHoMD #Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology

Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be

Causes of Hypokalemia ... out, causes of hypokalemia ... (transcellular shift ... varunnephro #Hypokalemia ... Causes #workup #nephrology

Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss
- Increased GI Loss
- Increased Urinary

Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... K-ATPase which imports ... Refeeding Syndrome #Hypokalemia

Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
• IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
• IV Fluids
Shift

Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... management #potassium #nephrology

Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
• Trauma:
- Immobilization
- Crush injury
- Compartment

• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Hypocalcemia/Late - Hypercalcemia ... Shift of extracellular ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... causes #treatment #nephrology

Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
• Lab error
• Traumatic venipuncture
• Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
•

Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Suspicion for Hyperkalemia ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Intracellular Shift ... potassium #high #nephrology

Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
- RTA
- Diarrhea
pH Normal
1. Decreased Mg
2. Intracellular Shift

Hypokalemia Differential ... Intracellular Shift ... NephTwitter) #Hypokalemia ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology

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