11 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts ... plasma insulin (treatment ... use), Gitelman's ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... • IV Fluids Shift ... function) - Loop diuretic ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... management #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... Intracellular Shift ... lysis syndrome - Rhabdomyolysis ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... potassium #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - ... Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis ... Shift of extracellular ... Loop diuretics for ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Surreptitious diuretic ... • Seizures • Rhabdomyolysis ... Treatment - ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Shift of extracellular ... oxidative iniury Treatment ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Summary #causes #treatment
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... creatinine) • Cell shift ... , Thiazide diuretics ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... Intracellular Shift ... lysis syndrome - Rhabdomyolysis ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... potassium #high #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Management
Treatment includes
 - Electrolyte replacement - K & Mg, preferably Cl salts
Gitelman Syndrome ... - Management Treatment ... In persistent hypokalemia ... , K sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... cirrhosis, and chronic ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology