12 results
Pivot-Shift Test in ACL-deficient Knee

This patient has pathologic varus alignment across the knee and a chronic
Pivot-Shift Test ... dr.dold.md #Pivot #Shift ... #PivotShift #test ... #ACL #Knee #Injury ... PhysicalExam #Sports #Ortho
Normal (Negative) Pivot-Shift Test for ACL Knee Injury

Andrew Dold, MD @dr.dold.md

#Pivot #Shift #PivotShift #test #ACL #Knee
Test for ACL Knee ... Injury Andrew ... #PivotShift #test ... #ACL #Knee #Injury ... PhysicalExam #Sports #Ortho
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Increased EC shift ... • Exogenous (KCL ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
syndrome, Electrical injury ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... fluid into injured ... Monitor potassium
Pivot Shift test for Knee Instability

The patient lies supine while the examiner grasps the leg by
Pivot Shift test ... indicating likely ACL ... Injury. ... #PivotShift #test ... #ACL #Knee #Injury
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... diagnosis #causes #potassium
Clavicular Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Group I (69%) - Middle third (mid-shaft)
Group II (29%) - Distal
Middle third (mid-shaft ... the mechanism of injury ... other injuries in all ... Grading #Diagnosis #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... • NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... diagnosis #causes #potassium
Monteggia Fracture 
Fracture of proximal ulnar shaft with radial head dislocation. Remember “MUGR” to recall where
proximal ulnar shaft ... syndrome, ligamentous injury ... (LCL) • ED Management ... I or Ill) • Ortho
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
ongoing rhabo, crush injury ... cardiac membrane Shift ... treatment Remove potassium ... offending agent (ACE-I