8 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... • Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... #high #nephrology
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis - Illness Script
 • Epidemiology: Asian men age 20-30 with hyperthyroidism of any
and menses • Pathophysiology ... hormone • Symptoms/signs ... Labs/lmaging: Hypokalemia ... • Treatment: Potassium ... hyperthyroidism, Potassium
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Diagnosis Framework High ... • High-altitude ... pulmonary edema ... : The shift of fluid ... Edema: • Pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
- CHF - Pulmonary ... Edema - Cardiac ... Metabolic Acidosis • Shift ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... transcellular shift ... densa receives high ... • Increases Edema
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Loss of sodium/Potassium ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... High body temperatures ... Hypocalcemia - Hyperkalemia
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Epidemiology 1) High ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... Pulmonary: dyspnea ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs