41 results
Pivot-Shift Test in ACL-deficient Knee

This patient has pathologic varus alignment across the knee and a chronic
Pivot-Shift Test ... in ACL-deficient ... dr.dold.md #Pivot #Shift ... #PivotShift #test ... #PhysicalExam #Sports
Normal (Negative) Pivot-Shift Test for ACL Knee Injury

Andrew Dold, MD @dr.dold.md

#Pivot #Shift #PivotShift #test #ACL #Knee
Negative) Pivot-Shift ... Test for ACL Knee ... #PivotShift #test ... #ACL #Knee #Injury ... #PhysicalExam #Sports
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shift ... K-ATPase which imports ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (transcellular shift ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift ... #Hyperkalemia #Nephrology ... #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Redistribution/ Shift ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... Intracellular Shift ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Pivot Shift test for Knee Instability

The patient lies supine while the examiner grasps the leg by
Pivot Shift test ... indicating likely ACL ... #PivotShift #test ... #ACL #Knee #Injury ... #PhysicalExam #Sports
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
intake, Gl loss, shift ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypertensive: • High Al ... aldosteronism • High Al ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes