31 results
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Anatomic Location - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Cotton wool spots ... Macular Edema: • Diabetic ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... K-ATPase which imports ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... Diagnosis - GOLDMARK ... associated with short ... Ketoacidosis - diabetic ... #Diagnosis #GOLDMARK
Vision Loss - Differential Diagnosis
Chronic: 
  - Cornea: Scarring, Edema
  - Lens: Cataracts
Vision Loss - Differential ... Diagnosis Chronic ... degeneration - Retina: Diabetic ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #ophthalmology
Lactic Acidosis Classification - Type A vs Type B
Type A Lactic Acidosis: Sepsis, Ischemic bowel, Hemorrhagic
Disease, Malignancy, Diabetes ... , Short bowel (D-lactate ... #TypeA #TypeB #diagnosis ... #differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... of hypokalemia starts ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... #diagnosis #algorithm
Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Steatorrhea
 - Maldigestive
    • Pancreatic Insufficiency
 - Primary
Chronic Diarrhea - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Ischemia • Short ... exclusion) • Diabetic ... Diarrhea #SmallBowel #Differential
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Double Vision - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Migraine is a diagnosis ... #DoubleVision #Differential ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs