11 results
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Cotton Wool Spots ... hypertension, diabetes ... connective tissue disorders ... #CottonWool #Spots ... #fundoscopy #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Diabetic Retinopathy ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... #Retinopathy #Diabetes ... #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Anatomic Location - Differential ... - Cotton wool spots ... Macular Edema: • Diabetic ... Chronic #VisionLoss #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Chronic Diarrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Steatorrhea
 - Maldigestive
    • Pancreatic Insufficiency
 - Primary
Chronic Diarrhea - Differential ... Ischemia • Short ... Microscopic Colitis Disordered ... exclusion) • Diabetic ... Diarrhea #SmallBowel #Differential
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Blurry Vision - Differential ... degeneration • Diabetic ... immunosuppressive disorder ... • Systemic disorder ... #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Differentials? ... D D-lactate (short ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... #AcidBase #disorders
Floaters - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
Vitreous Floaters:
• Microscopic collagen fibers within the vitreous that tend to clump
Floaters - Differential ... Patients As: • Black spots ... the vision • Spots ... Occipital lobe disorders ... Diagnosis #Ocular #ophthalmology
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential ... gravidarum - Diuretic ... : - Impaired short-term ... Manifestations #Differential ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Acquired Disorders of Reduced Bone Strength: Pathogenesis
 • Hyperparathyroidism
 • Vitamin D deficiency
 • Malabsorption syndromes
Acquired Disorders ... • Smoking • Diabetes ... Sedondary #Acquired #Disorders ... #BoneStrength #pathophysiology ... #differential #
Causes of Chronic Diarrhea
Osmotic Diarrhea
 1. Medications: antacids, lactulose, sorbitol
 2. Disaccharidase deficiency: lactose intolerance
 3.
bowel resection (short ... (diabetes, vagotomy ... Systemic disorders ... : scleroderma, diabetes ... Diarrhea #Causes #Differential