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management differential hematology vasculitis blood classification druginduced product reactions sle summary treatment algorithm anemia approach arthritis champs comparison complement cryoglobulins
Causes of Hypocomplementemia - CHAMPS Mnemonic C - Cryoglobulinemia (85%), C3 glomerulopathy, cirrhosis H - Heavy Chain deposition
Causes of Hypocomplementemia ... Mnemonic C - Cryoglobulinemia ... S - Systemic Lupus ... CHAMPS #Mnemonic #diagnosis ... #differential #hematology
Cryoglobulinemia Summary Cryoglobulins: • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
causing endothelial injury ... • They can cause ... Cryoglobulins Cause ... (e.g. systemic lupus ... classification #rheumatology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
pathophysiologic causes ... Post-strep GN, Lupus ... Nephritis, Cryoglobulinemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... #algorithm #rheumatology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Diagnosis and Management Summary • Epidemiology: 10-180/100,000, Typically Age 20-40, F:M
(SLE) - Diagnosis ... Manifestations: Malar ... Positive in 60-80% of cases ... Erythematosus #Diagnosis ... Management #Summary #rheumatology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Diagnostic Framework ... Extravascular Causes ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... • Infections: Malaria ... #hematology #anemia
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE Drug Induced Lupus (DIL): • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
& NPSLE rare, Malar ... Discontinuation of causal ... Manifestations: Malar ... comparison #table #rheumatology ... #diagnosis #management
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Auto-amplification loop Diagnosis ... Leishmaniosis, malaria ... Drugs, Unknown cause ... Etoposide/VP16 (100 mg/m2 ... treatment #summary #rheumatology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions •
tract, and often causes ... ANCA +MPO) • Cryoglobulinemic ... inflammation Others: • Lupus ... such as systemic lupus ... #rheumatology #
Approach to Joint Pain - Diagnostic Framework 1) Chronicity 2) Inflammatory vs Non-Inflammatory 3) Number of Joints Involved 1) Chronicity:
to Joint Pain - Diagnostic ... spondyloarthropathies, lupus ... necrosis, Charcot (DM2 ... Like in this case ... Joint #Pain #MSK #rheumatology
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Causes purpura & ... Related Acute Lung Injury ... tested include: Malaria ... #Transfusion #diagnosis ... #management #hematology
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