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diagnosis hematology differential causes oncology activation arthritis erythematosus extravascular gap globulin hemolysis hemolytic hemostasis intravascular laboratory leukemia macrophage management mas
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) What? A subset of
• Systemic lupus ... manifestations: from easy bruising ... purpura to mucosal bleeding ... with leukopenia, anemia ... #Rheumatology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
) - HELLP syndrome ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... • Infections: Malaria ... #anemia
Bleeding and Bruising - Disorders of Hemostasis - Differential Diagnosis Framework == Quantitative or Qualitative defect in
Bleeding and Bruising ... inhibitor and lupus ... von Willebrand syndrome ... • Lupus anticoagulant ... of factor VII should
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Suspect: Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
Non-autoimmune rheumatologic ... Shrinking lung syndrome ... Photosensitivity • Malar ... lymphopenia, low PLT • Anemia ... Erythematosus #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Easy or unusual bruising ... Myeloproliferative Disease ... Workup: • Complete ... #diagnosis #hematology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
extramedullary disease ... PLT: Petechiae, bruising ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
Causes of Purpura or Easy Bruising in Children Platelet count reduced, i.e. thrombocytopenia - Increased platelet destruction
Purpura or Easy Bruising ... SLE (systemic lupus ... Congenital heart disease ... - Bernard—Soulier ... Scurvy #Purpura #Bruising
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases • Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Rheumatology Workup ... joint • Systemic lupus ... ANAs RF test should ... the presence of anemia ... Arthritis #laboratory #workup
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4) Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap: •
Albumin > 4) Work-up ... gap (>4 g/dL) should ... • Heavy chain disease ... changes (POEMS syndrome ... Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia
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