230 results
Primary Polydipsia
Definition: Excessive volitional water intake
Epidemiology:
 • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
Primary Polydipsia ... smokers Primary Polydipsia ... Urine Osm, Serum Sodium ... , Urine Sodium ... Alert_Oriented3 #Primary #Polydipsia
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
deficiency, Primary polydipsia ... algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
100): Primary polydipsia ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
- Primary Polydipsia ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... • psychogenic polydipsia
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
failure - Primary polydipsia ... Table #Causes #Sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... intake (Primary polydipsia ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Potomania, Psychogenic polydipsia ... causes #nephrology #sodium
Lithium Therapy for Bipolar Disorder 
Toxicity Levels: 
 - Mild (1-1.5 mEq/L) 
 - Moderate (1.6-2.5
problems, xerostomia, polydipsia ... that also affect sodium
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine sodium ... acid: - Urine sodium ... hyponatremia - Urine sodium