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diagnosis neurology management infectiousdiseases cns lung meningitis pulmonary syndrome associated barre contusion crypto cryptococcal ctchest dementia disorder encephalitis encephalopathy fungal
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
early stages of infection ... Diagnosis: MRI ... : • Increased CSF ... : The clinical ... disorder #dementia #AIDS
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... should be based on clinical ... Imaging: - MRI ... and <25% culture positive ... #differential #
Transverse Myelitis Overview Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Transverse Myelitis - Clinical ... • Bilateral signs ... brain and/or optic ... simplex virus, HIV ... management #neurology #differential
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Summary Acute AIDP ... response preceding infection ... Campylobacter jejuni - HIV ... • Weakness: Starts ... axonal form • MRI
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Viral Encephalitis: MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... Herpesviruses (MCC: HSV ... • Common clinical ... Acute meningeal signs ... • Gram stain: Positive
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
parietal lobes of the brain ... Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Infection ... Reversible course Differential ... Diagnosis: • Infection ... parietal lobes of the brain
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework Disease by CD4 Count: Any CD4 Count: • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Lung Infections ... in HIV - Differential ... • CT: Halo sign ... #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary ... #differential #
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions • Mononeuritis multiplex • Hematuria, proteinuria,
Vasculitis - Differential ... Vasculitis Differential ... purpura: Strong sign ... Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF ... oligoclonal bands • MRI
Cryptococcal meningitis on T2 MRI 30 M from sub-Saharan Africa presents w/ progressive Headache x1 mo, +neck
Cryptococcal meningitis, hiv ... organism (soap bubble sign ... on mri) HIV-infected ... #Brain #clinical ... #radiology
Mycoses HISTOPLASMOSIS • Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body • Bird
yeast • At risk: AIDS ... Inhalation of spores ... • Sinusitis • Brain ... osteoarticular, pulmonary, ocular ... have positive blood
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