64 results
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
Diagnostic Algorithm ... with vascular causes ... positional episodes caused ... No auditory symptoms ... Long symptom-free
HINTS Exam - Bidirectional Nystagmus 

In a patient with vertigo symptoms, this finding is worrisome for
patient with vertigo symptoms ... for a CENTRAL cause ... Nystagmus #HINTS #PhysicalExam ... Clinical #Video #Positive ... #Neurology #Central
Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Symptoms
Increased dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic projection
-> Dopaminergic neurons here project into the limbic
is thought to cause ... the Positive Symptoms ... is thought to cause ... Schizophrenia #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms
The head impulse test (HIT) result is positive (abnormal) in nearly all patients with a peripheral
HIT) result is positive ... with a peripheral cause ... with a central cause ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam ... #Neurology #AVS
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived ... without an obvious cause ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Is visual loss caused ... the optic nerve caused ... thrombosis of short ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Romberg's Test for Proprioception
History: First described in the 19th century in patients with tabes dorsalis (later
syphilis) Meaning: Positive ... Observe when patient closes ... Rombergs #Test #neurology ... #diagnosis #proprioception ... #physicalexam
Xeropthalmia: Pathogenesis and Ocular Manifestations

Decr Visual pigment -> Keratinization, thickening & non-wetting of the conjunctiva
conjunctiva) • Bitot's spots ... #Xeropthalmia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
females Differential Diagnosis ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology