28 results
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
similar to PML, but MRI ... Diagnosis: MRI ... The clinical syndrome ... #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
Causes of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Congenital Anomaly / Disorder:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Congenital Anomaly / Disorder ... Arrhythmia • Neurologic ... • Metabolic Disorders ... Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
Extraocular Movement Disorders ... Nerve Palsy • CN IV ... One-and-a-half Syndrome ... ophthalmology #neurology ... #differential #diagnosis
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
What?
 • Unilateral orbital/retrobulbar pain
 • Paresis of the cranial nerves Ill, IV, VI
 •
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome ... cranial nerves Ill, IV ... fissure or orbit (MRI ... #TolosaHunt #neurology ... #diagnosis
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
- Differential Diagnosis ... Non-neuromuscular disorder ... parainfluenza, Coxsackie, HIV ... EMG) studies • MRI ... #neurology
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
neurocognitive disorders ... hydrocephalus, HIV ... MRI, iADL scale, ... Aphaso-apraxo-agnosia syndrome ... hallucinations - Movement disorders
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Suspect in movement disorders ... Imaging: - MRI ... #AIDS #opportunistic
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
- Differential Diagnosis ... , Infiltrative disorders ... , HIV • High Phosphate ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
important, as early diagnosis ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... #neurology #noninflammatory ... #differential #diagnosis
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... optic disk • HIV ... /AIDS or other immunosuppressive ... disorder causing