7 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... diagnosis #nephrology #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: Red/Dark urine ... Immune mediated injury ... : - RBC casts ... catheterization • BPH ... • Menstruation/Postpartum
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
pH) ... • Urinary casts ... Acute Kidney Injury ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria ... #hematuria
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Algorithm Red blood cells ... on urine microscopy ... Neoplasm • BPH ... RBCs and/or RBC casts
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Kidney Injury ( ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... , crystals, protein
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
testing, note the PH ... esterase • Fill conical ... stain taken up by cells ... or casts and will ... protein matrix of casts
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Hormonal alterations (result of aging process)
    ->
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... diet, hormones, urine ... Hydronephrosis, Acute ... chronic renal injury ... , Hematuria, Urinary