1263 results
Premacular Hemorrhage on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

A 29-year-old man presents extensive sub-ilm premacular hemorrhage. Type 1 diabetic
Premacular Hemorrhage ... extensive sub-ilm premacular ... @oftalmopo #Premacular ... #preretinal #Hemorrhage
Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury - Diagnostic Schema

Hypovolemia 
Hypervolemia 
Hypotension 
Vessels 

#Prerenal #Acute #Kidney #Injury #AKI #Diagnosis
Prerenal Acute Kidney ... Vessels #Prerenal
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal ... Kidney #Injury #Prerenal
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Common Patterns on Urinalysis
 - Prerenal
 - ATN
 - AIN
 -
Urinalysis - Prerenal
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Classification Prerenal ... rhabdo, prolonged prerenal
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
< 1% suggests prerenal
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
oxidative iniury Treatment ... Prevent Prerenal ... Summary #causes #treatment
Pharmacologic Treatments of Chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Central alpha-agonists
 - Methyldopa
 - Clonidine
Combined alpha- and beta-blocker
 -
Pharmacologic Treatments ... Pregnancy #Management #Treatment
Initial treatment of renal bone disease and cinacalcet for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Phosphate binders reduce hyperphosphataemia and hyperparathyroidism.
Initial treatment ... the first-line treatments
Algorithm for the Treatment of Uremic Pruritus
Nonpharmacologic Treatments:
 • Daily topical emollient
 • Avoidance of extremes
Algorithm for the Treatment ... Nonpharmacologic Treatments ... Pharmacologic Treatments ... max 75 mg daily Treatments ... itching #Algorithm #Treatment