10 results
Pulmonary Infections in HIV-AIDS
Bacterial: 
 • No organism identified, Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S.aureus, Streptococcus Grp
Pulmonary Infections ... CD4 < 200: PCP, Aspergillus ... failure, COPD, Lung ... , AFB), TB PCR sputum ... #workup #diagnosis
Fungal Biomarkers: Beta-D-Glucan and Aspergillus Galactomannan
Beta-D-Glucan:
 • Polysaccharide cell wall component of many fungi
 • Pathogens:
infection (IFI) ... cut-offs defined in clinical ... or other blood products ... surfaces - Infections ... Galactomannan #diagnosis
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
affecting the lungs ... (NTM) • Fungal ... characteristic features Clinical ... Tuberculosis Diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #Management
Tuberculosis Overview

10 million new M. tuberculosis infections/year
Facultative intracellular rod-shaped bacteria
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) accounts for 4.6% of
affecting the lungs ... (NTM) • Fungal ... characteristic features Clinical ... Tuberculosis Diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #Management
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
Milk • Food products ... Nodular or cavitary ... fortuitum can produce ... Kansasii: • Mimics TB ... Disease: Clinical
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
: TB, NTM, PNA ... in the adjacent lung ... of the affected lung ... parenchyma Diagnosis ... aeruginosa • Aspergillus
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Lung Infections ... Pseudomonas FUNGAL ... since cART) Aspergillus ... • Risk: Can produce ... #AIDS #pulmonary
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis ... polymicrobial infection ... Lung Abscess - Clinical ... Prevotella • Fungal ... #Abscess #pulmonary
Empyema Necessitans (EN) on Chest Wall Physical Examination

Pulmonary teaching case: you are called to the bedside
drain - What’s the diagnosis ... Mycobacteria: TB ... most common) - Fungus ... #PhysicalExam #clinical ... #video #pulmonary
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
has five major clinical ... dissemination occurs and produces ... stain of clinical ... ASPERGILLOSIS • Aspergillus ... , ocular, or disseminated