61 results
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low urine ... duct plaque, Low urine ... - Magnesium, ammonium ... Infection with ammonia-producing ... organisms: Proteus
Urine Microscopy Crystals
Uric Acid crystals:
 - Formation promoted by acidic urine
 - Seen in tumor lysis
Urine Microscopy ... promoted by acidic urine ... disease Magnesium ammonium ... Proteus, Klebsiella ... independent of urine
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... Gap - UAG and Urine ... gap - UA with urine ... ammonium concentration ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
major sources of ammonia ... production of ammonia ... elimination of ammonia ... production) of ammonia ... producing UTI (i.e proteus
UROLITHIASIS 

80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Others include uric acid (9%),
system; are Mg ammonium ... secondary to elevated urine ... urease forming Proteus ... breakdown yields ammonia ... acid levels, low urine
Ammonium Urate Crystals on Urine Microscopy
Very much like a black sea urchin in these particular examples

Dr.
Ammonium Urate Crystals ... on Urine Microscopy ... @JoseTesser #Ammonium ... clinical #nephrology #urine
Shotgun Laboratory Testing for Severe Acute Livery Injury

https://www.journalofhospitalmedicine.com/jhospmed/article/143598/hospital-medicine/ammonia-levels-and-hepatic-encephalopathy-patients-known

#TWDFNR #Testing #Laboratory #LiverInjury #Diagnosis #Workup #Hepatology #EBM #ChoosingWisely
hospital-medicine/ammonia-levels-and-hepatic-encephalopathy-patients-known ... LiverInjury #Diagnosis #Workup
Urine Osmolar Gap Calculation

Urine Osmolar Gap represents ammonium salts = Measured Urine Osmolality - (2 x
Urine Osmolar Gap ... Calculation Urine ... Gap represents ammonium ... salts = Measured Urine ... + Urea/2.8) Urine
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
Causes Abnormal Urine ... Diagnosis Turbid White Urine ... * Green Urine: ... UTI caused by (Proteus ... , Tyrosinuria, Proteus
Laboratory Testing in Hemolytic Anemia

Intravascular vs Extravascular Hemolysis
Reticulocytes
Unconjugated bilirubin
LDH
Peripheral smear
Haptoglobin
Urine hemosiderin
Urine hemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin

#Hemolytic #Anemia #Laboratory #Testing #workup
Haptoglobin Urine ... hemosiderin Urine ... Laboratory #Testing #workup