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diagnosis differential algorithm metabolic gitelman hypokalemia pathophysiology urinary diuresis diuretics excretion management medications metabolicalkalosis nongap pharmacology renal table urine
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... major sweating • Thiazide ... reabsorptive defect) • Thiazide ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Algorithm - Urinary Chloride ... use of loop or thiazide ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
use of loop or thiazide ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... gene that encodes thiazide-sensitive ... sodium-chloride ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diuretics (loop/thiazide ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
sodium chloride ... sodium chloride ... hypomagnesemia • Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... (mimics thiazide ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... disequilibrium syndrome ... +CI- Symport - Thiazide ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
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