10 results
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... out of cells may cause ... To prevent hypokalemia ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... #Differential #
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS Patients
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): double-stranded DNA virus, herpesvirus family.
CMV infection: virus isolation or detection
double-stranded DNA ... or signs. ... Retinitis (Most common cause ... AIDS #diagnosis #differential ... #signs #symptoms
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Hyperdefecation • Anterior neck ... hyperthyroidism #causes ... #diagnosis #differential ... #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... without an obvious cause ... Can occur with neck ... varying neurologic signs ... #differential #
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
13 Dangerous Causes ... shoulder girdle symptoms ... pain involving neck ... thrombophilia, neurologic signs ... Dangerous #Deadly #Differential
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... → Syncope • Signs ... /Symptoms: - Lightheadedness ... Hypoglycemia - Hypocalcemia ... #diagnosis #causes
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
, oral cavity) Caused ... polyuria in the case ... Cataracts Labs: Hypokalemia ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: Strong sign ... tenderness - decreased pulsation ... • Progressive symptoms ... tract, and often causes
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
headache is a symptom ... band, dull, non-pulsatile ... Meningitis (fever + neck ... N Neurological signs ... confusion, focal signs