9 results
Adrenal Incidentalomas: Hormone Evaluation
 • Zona Glomerulosa: Primary Hyperaldosteronism?
    - Aldosterone and renin
Adrenal Incidentalomas ... Zona Glomerulosa: Primary ... Aldosterone and renin if hypokalemia ... Evaluation #Diagnosis #workup ... #endocrinology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... vomiting • Fatigue Signs ... Reduced libido • Signs ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... hypertension and signs ... bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hypothyroidism, Primary
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Multi-system autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs
3
skin thickening Signs ... and Symptoms: ... Hepatic: PBC (primary ... #symptoms #testing ... #workup
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
• Insomnia Primary ... ↑ T3 - Mild hypercalcemia ... #differential #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
not a feature of primary ... Cataracts Labs: Hypokalemia ... Imaging: 1) Primary ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
To prevent hypokalemia ... patient has good renal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... pathophysiology #endocrinology
Symptoms and Signs of Hypokalemia
Cardiovascular
 - Hypertension
 - Orthostatic hypotension
 - Potentiation of digitalis toxicity
 -
Symptoms and Signs ... of Hypokalemia ... distension - Ileus Renal ... production - Urinary ... #Symptoms #Signs
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
pulmonary and renal ... purpura: Strong sign ... tenderness - decreased pulsation ... with GCA or as primary ... Rash, arthritis Primary