23 results
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
vast majority of cases ... ANKH gene, Incr pyrophosphate ... dihydrate (CPPD ... and/or x-ray - CPPD ... Chondrocalcinosis #Pseudogout #CPPD
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Obstruction • Asthma ... • COPD • Bronchiectasis ... Pneumonia • ARDS • COPD ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... • Airways: - Asthma ... - COPD - Bronchiectasis ... syndrome Other Causes
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
pHTN, Advanced COPD ... Airway Disease: Asthma ... , COPD, Bronchiectasis ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Airway Disease (Asthma ... , COPD) • Vascular ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
Tachypnea: • Asthma ... • COPD • Pneumonia ... PVFM) Cardiac Causes ... Hematologic Causes ... acidosis of any cause
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Acute and Chronic Causes ... Acute: Trauma, COPD ... exacerbation, Asthma ... Hemorrhage • Chronic: Asthma ... Acute #Chronic #Causes
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
average settings • Causes ... gas equation • Causes ... • Most common cause ... : Pneumonia, asthma ... , COPD, pulmonary
Risk Factors Associated with Post-operative Pulmonary Complications 

Preoperative 
• Asthma/ COPD 
• Recent respiratory infection 
•
Preoperative • Asthma ... / COPD • Recent ... anesthesia #surgery #causes
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... nephrocalcinosis • CPPD ... • Inorganic pyrophosphate ... PPi (inorganic pyrophosphate ... Phosphatase: • Other causes