1110 results
Apical 4-chamber (A4) Apical 4 Chamber view demonstrating the right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), left
demonstrating the right ... ventricle (RV), right ... atrium (RA), left
RA/CVP Waveform Interpretation

Central venous pressure (CVP) or right atrial pressure (RAP) waveform tracings can often times
RA/CVP Waveform ... pressure (CVP) or right ... about a patient’s right ... - ‘a’ wave (RA ... wave back into RA
Differentiating PAH from PVH - Echocardiography
Pulmonary Artery Hypertension (PAH):
 • RV size - Enlarged
 • LA
size - Small • RA ... septum - Bows from right ... size - Large • RA ... - Normal (LA > RA ... Bows from left to right
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
Contrast Effect in Right ... PFO with left to right ... IVC hampering RA ... altering flow in RA ... Contrast #Effect #Right
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): X-ray features
 • Soft tissue swelling (best seen by comparing left & right
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA ... comparing left & right ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA
Pulmonary Artery Catheter Pressures
Normal: RA 0-8, RV 15-25/0-8, Mean PAP <25, PCWP 8-12, Cardiac Index 2.6-4.2
HFrEF,
Pressures Normal: RA ... Regurgitation Left-to-Right ... Shunt Right-to-Left
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
Right Heart Catheterization ... pressure (CVP) ● Right-sided ... intracardiac pressures (RA ... SVI x 0.136) ● Right ... SaO2 – SvO2]) RA
Normal hepatic vein Doppler Ultrasound tracing
1) a large antegrade waveform (negative velocity) noted during early and
x " descent on RA ... to the fall in RA ... the "v " wave on RA ... descent in the RA ... into the right
Cardiac conducting system 
 - Sinoatrial (SA) node normally generates the action potential, i.e. the electrical
node excites the right ... atrium (RA), travels ... internodal pathways in RA ... - Right bundle ... depolarizes the right
Dextrocardia on EKG
 • Limb leads look like LA ←→ RA transposition
 • V1 ←→ V2
look like LA ←→ RA ... V6 look like "right