19 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
gene mutated in all ... Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
damaged BRB appears as ... of the terminal retinal ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
inflammation of all ... -> Corneal drying ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Acute limb ischemia (ALI)

Rapid decrease in lower limb blood flow due to acute occlusion of peripheral
limb ischemia (ALI ... ) Rapid decrease ... The symptoms of ... ALI are abrupt with ... #thrombolysis #ALI
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
meningitis), MCC CNS symptoms ... Medium and large also ... , AS Treatment: ... inhibitors • Uveitis- Ophthalmology ... management #signs #symptoms
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... , AKI, acute limb ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... composite endpoint of all-cause
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
altered LOC; septic arthritis ... hemorrhagic rash; symptoms ... conjunctivitis, coryza ... that persists as ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
pain that worsens as ... (Cornelia NEJM ... of the steroid treatment ... Treatment of GCA ... required +/- prompt ophthalmology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Lateral Sclerosis (ALS ... lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... diagnosis column Treatment