16 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... ↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium ... #differential # ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Chronic progressive kidney ... Potassium-sparing ... Expansion acidosis (rapid ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... • Recent IV potassium ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... #high #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... insufficiency - Rapid ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... #ABG #bloodgas
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
ulceration • Ocular ... Behcet disease) Differential ... : Giant retinal ... inhibitors • Uveitis- Ophthalmology ... exacerbations: high-dose
Complications after Bariatric Surgery
Post Bariatric Intestinal Failure:
 • Severe protein malnutrition after bariatric surgery
 • More
treatment, but high ... : • Rapid delivery ... and forms renal ... oral calcium, potassium ... gastroenterology #diagnosis #differential