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Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... • Mechanism: Exchanges ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #pharmacology #table ... #comparison #binders
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia.
 - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization; changes ... to 6.0 mEq/L, rapid ... #EKG #ECG #Changes ... #Progression #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... DrEricStrong #Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia
The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
eliminate excess potassium ... , changes on ECG ... 6.5 mEq per L), rapid-onset ... Figure 3 is an algorithm ... , and Table 3 summarizes
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
open leading to a rapid ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia

Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
palpitations, changes ... mmol per L]), rapid-onset ... Most cases of hypokalemia-induced ... depletion impedes potassium ... #Evaluation #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... K-Binding Resins - Exchanges ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Rapid tumor lysis ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... inhibition of "leak" K* channels ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Classification ... #Causes