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Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Causes of Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
 • Neuromuscular causes: CVA/CNS tumor/ALS, Parkinson's,
Causes of Dysphagia ... Non-relaxation of EG ... junction: Achalasia ... , EG junction outflow ... Diagnosis #causes #gastroenterology
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Obstructive Physiology: EGJ, Distal Esophagus
Distal Contractility: Hyper-contractile, Hypo-contractile
Type I achalasia, Type II achalasia, Type
Esophageal Motility ... , Distal esophageal ... peristalsis, GERD #Esophageal ... Disorders #comparison #table ... #gastroenterology
Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Symptom | Diagnosis
• Solid-food dysphagia present for months to years | Mechanical
disorder such as achalasia ... Esophageal Dysphagia ... structural disorder → EGD ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #gastroenterology
Acute Esophageal Necrosis
History: Hematemesis and/or melena (70%), Dysphagia, Epigastric/chest pain, Sepsis
Diagnosis EGD and Biopsy
Differential: Melanosis, Melanoma,
Acute Esophageal ... melena (70%), Dysphagia ... Sepsis Diagnosis EGD ... KBrag_MD #Acute #Esophageal ... #gastroenterology
Achalasia Summary

Epidemiology: 10 cases per 100,000 individuals

Defined by inadequate relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis
Primary or
Presentation: • Dysphagia ... sphincter to relax EGD ... Short duration of dysphagia ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #gastroenterology
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) - Summary

GERD: Diagnosis
• Heartburn (substernal burning sensation) and acid regurgitation
• Chest pain
Extraesophageal
alarm symptoms • Dysphagia ... Impedance testing Esophageal ... : • Anemia • Dysphagia ... Disease #diagnosis #management ... #Gastroenterology
Diagnosis and Management of Achalasia - ACG Guidelines

Who to suspect?
 • Patients presenting with progressive dysphagia
Diagnosis and Management ... with progressive dysphagia ... puckering of the EGJ ... High resolution esophageal ... ACG #Guidelines #gastroenterology
Esophageal Necrosis
Etiology:
 - Ischemia and Gastric Outlet Obstruction with GERD may be inciting events
 - Associated
Esophageal Necrosis ... symptoms include dysphagia ... Diagnosis: - EGD ... Necrosis #diagnosis #management ... #gastroenterology
Gastroenterology Endoscopy Tools and Accessories - A Visual Catalog for Trainees and Young Gastroenterologists
Biopsy Forceps:
Gastroenterology ... mucosa Stricture Management ... : • ACHALASIA BALLOON ... patients with achalasia ... #accessories #EGD