13 results
Chest Pain - Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

History and Exam
Acute life-threatening causes:
 • Acute myocardial infarction
 •
infarction • Aortic ... Pneumothorax • Pulmonary ... embolism • Cardiac ... Initial workup: • EKG ... ultrasound • CXR
Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA) on Chest XRay
 - Oval Shaped Cardiac Silhouette 
 - Narrow
- Oval Shaped Cardiac ... - Increased pulmonary ... vasculature - Egg-on-a-string ... #ChestXRay #Radiology ... #Diagnosis #Clinical
This is a parasternal long axis view of a young patient presenting with 3 days of
x-ray and and ECG ... root, and left atrium ... Michael Macias, EM ... #Radiology #POCUS ... #CardiacUS #ParsternalLong
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)

Intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation is a method of invasive hemodynamic support. A catheter is
placed through an arterial ... sync with the cardiac ... • Triggers (EKG ... Balloon #Pump #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
Secondary to invasive cardiac ... • Malignancy (e.g ... infarction • Aortic ... patients with pulmonary ... CAUSES • PRIMARY Cardiac
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
- Differential Diagnosis ... lack of acute cardiac ... level <100 pg/ml EKG ... ischemic changes CXR ... #cardiology
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
exam • 12-lead ECG ... muscle twitching CARDIAC ... Nonarrhythmic Cardiac ... Valvular disease (e.g ... prosthetic valve NON-CARDIAC
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
dental procedure • Cardiac ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... loss • Myalgias Cardiac ... : • New cardiac ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG
Right Heart Catheterization - Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Calculations
PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE = (meanPAP-PCWP) / CO
 •
RV dysfunction. e.g ... CARDIAC POWER OUTPUT ... forward flow. e.g ... much as 40% in cardiac ... artery #catheter #diagnosis
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
exam Determine Cardiac ... indicated • EKG ... Obtain EKG if: ... postoperative cardiac ... stratification #diagnosis