604 results
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Secondary causes ... Hyperaldosternism (low renin ... Other Endocrine causes ... Hyperparathyroidism, Acromegaly, Renin ... • Other low renin
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Gitelman's High Renin ... Hypertension • Renin-Secreting ... Tumor Low Renin ... aldosteronism Low Renin ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
(Normal or Low Renin ... Hyperaldosteronism (High Renin ... (Normal or Low Renin ... - Cushing’s syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Renin
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... Pressure: - ↑ Renin ... Renovascular HTN, Renin ... tumor - ↓ Renin ... hyper-aldosteronism - ↓ Renin
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
, Gitelman Syndrome ... artery stenosis, Renin-secreting ... , Liddle syndrome ... PRA: plasma renin ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Causes
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin ... Normal or High Renin ... Normal or High Renin ... Differential #Diagnosis #Renin ... Comparison #Table #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... Renovascular HTN, Renin ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) 

#Pathophysiology #RAAS #Renin #Angiotensin #Aldosterone #System
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone ... Pathophysiology #RAAS #Renin
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
blood volume • ↑ Renin ... artery stenosis, Renin ... secreting tumor • ↓ Renin ... hyperaldosteronism • ↓ Renin ... , Gitelman syndrome
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

#RAAS #Renin #Angiotensin #Aldosterone #System #Pathophysiology
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone ... RAAS) #RAAS #Renin