16 results
Eosinophils (Eos) and hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused by eosinophilopoietic cytokines
Common causes:
 - Drug reaction
 - Helminth infection
 -
cytokines Common causes ... disease Rare causes ... CD3-CD4+ T cells ... malignancy - Immune ... hypereosinophilia #HE #Differential
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
in HIV / AIDS - Differential ... required until immune ... • Toxoplasma gondii ... Demyelinating disease caused ... and <25% culture positive
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Kidney Disease - Differential ... pyelonephritis) • Immune ... Hyperphosphatemia #CKD ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
- Differential ... exclude false positives ... • Pauci-immune ... #Hematuria #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
IDSA Recommendations for Preventing and Treating Toxoplasma gondii Encephalitis in HIV-AIDS
Indications for Initiating Primary Prophylaxis:
 •
Treating Toxoplasma gondii ... Toxoplasma IgG positive ... patients with CD4 ... #Toxoplasma #gondii ... Prevention #Treatment #opportunistic
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
Immune Reconstitution ... reconstituted immune ... unintentional weight loss, nausea ... Leishmaniasis Differential ... Inflammatory #Syndrome #Differential
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
and Secondary Causes ... Hypertension - Differential ... Positive family ... parenchymal disease - CKD ... HTN #Cardiology #Differential
Causes of Myocarditis 
1. Infectious Myocarditis
 • Bacterial - Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, Gonococcus, Salmonella, Corynebacterium
Causes of Myocarditis ... cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii ... Immune-mediated ... autoimmune or immune-oriented ... #differential #
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure - Differential ... Physiologic Causes ... significantly positive ... Worse outcomes in CKD ... Differential
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Infections in HIV - Differential ... Count: Any CD4 ... factor • May cause ... • Toxoplasma gondii ... AIDS #pulmonary #differential