21 results
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
anticoagulation, DIC ... • Abdominal pain ... • Back pain ... Administer 250 mcg ... #signs #symptoms
Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis
Primary Back Pathology:
 • Musculoligamentous injury (a.k.a. lumbosacral strain)
 • Spondylosis (i.e.
Back Pain - Differential ... Diagnosis Primary ... Intervertebral disc ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #primarycare #table
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
intervertebral disc ... absent: lower back ... pain, constitutional ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar degenerative disc ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... , progressive back ... pain - Symptoms ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... underlying venule -> AV ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... , and possibly renal ... (e.g. incidental ... fever, malaise, lack ... #Management #Signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... with previously stable ... non-obese, non-black ... hypertension and signs ... bruit or signs
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
retroperitoneal masses ... retrograde bloodflow back ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis