38 results
Syncope - Cerebral hypoperfusion leading to transient lsos of consciousness causing alck of postural tone with
Orthostatic (4-24%) • Reflex ... • Non-syncopal cause ... 20%) • Unclear cause ... differential #diagnosis #management
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
frequently benign causes ... such as reflex ... life-threatening causes ... further guide management ... depends on the cause
FIGURE 2. CHALAZION.  

Hordeola and chalazia are two common causes of the red, swollen eyelid
are two common causes ... #Clinical #Ophthalmology ... #Photo #Chalazion
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... diffuse light reflex ... BRB breakdown causes ... disc arterioles causes ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Lateral Canthotomy / Cantholysis - Procedure Instructions

The orbit is a relatively closed compartment and an acute
The most common cause ... #Management #Lateral ... Retrobulbar #Hemorrhage #Ophthalmology
Vasopressors and Inotropes - Pharmacology Summary
Vasopressors
Phenylephrine (alpha-1)
 • Increases BP, SVR
 • Risk of reflex bradycardia
SVR • Risk of reflex ... • Higher doses cause ... cAMP/cGMP • Causes ... Pharmacology #Summary #management
Pyloric Stenosis - Overview - Lightning Learning

Thickened pyloric muscle obstructing the passage of milk going into
be mistaken as reflux ... Cause is unknown ... Stenosis #Diagnosis #Management
Horner's Syndrome: Loss of sympathetic nervous system input to (in this case) right eye. 
Note that
input to (in this case ... etiology in this case ... Images #Clinical #Ophthalmology ... #Photo #Horners
Hordeolum vs Chalazion

Hordeolum (Stye):
 • Location: Most commonly found at or near an eyelash follicle
 •
eyelash follicle • Cause ... upper lid • Cause ... Clinical #Diagnosis #Management ... #Ophthalmology
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
- Obscure Red Reflex ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Ophthalmology