595 results
Addictions: Pathogenesis

Mesolimbic Dopaminergic Pathway:
 • Dopaminergic neurons in Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) in midbrain under continuous
Addictions: Pathogenesis ... drugs), the VTA releases ... which influence addictive ... behaviours -> Addiction ... Withdrawal) #Drug #Addiction
Chronic Shoulder Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
4 tests for the AC joint:
1. Direct palpation
2. Cross-arm shoulder
Diagnosis Algorithm 4 tests ... Cross-arm shoulder abduction ... after cross-arm test
Drop Arm Test - Supraspinatus Tear

The drop arm test evaluates for a supraspinatus muscle tear.
Passively adduct
Drop Arm Test - ... The drop arm test ... The test is positive ... after the examiner releases ... #PhysicalExam #clinical
Piriformis Test (FAIR Test - Flexion, Adduction, and Internal Rotation)

Flex the hip to 90 degrees, then
Piriformis Test ... (FAIR Test - Flexion ... , Adduction, and ... is a positive test ... sciatica #lumbar #clinical
Rotator Cuff Syndrome - SITS
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis.
Causes: Calcific supraspinatus tendinitis 
Signs: painful abduction
Signs: painful abduction ... arm, empty can test
Global Alliance algorithm to improve outcomes in acne.
†With small nodules (>0.5–1 cm).
‡Consider physical removal of comedones.
§Second
course in case of relapse ... pregnancy, see text ... ††See text. alt.
Sensitivity Specificity False-Positive False-Negative Contingency Table / confusion matrix

Sensitivity refers to the test's ability to correctly
condition Specificity relates ... Specificity of a test ... disease, who will test
Hoffmann's Sign

Hoffman's sign means upper motor neuron injury.  The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely
Hoffmann's reflex test ... is flexion and adduction ... Positive #Abnormal #clinical
IgG4-Related Disease
Clinical history:  Man, 60 years, multiorgan involvement, unique or multiple inflammatory pseudotumor
4 phenotypes:
 •
Related Disease Clinical ... treatment and relapse ... specific laboratory tests ... 0.6 mg/kg/day) - Relapse
Extraocular Muscle Actions & Clinical Testing
What about clinical testing of extraocular muscle function & associated nerve
Muscle Actions & Clinical ... Testing What about clinical ... Adduction (~51°) ... produces depression Abduction