11 results
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
open leading to slow ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... Block K+ channels (primarily ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... prolong AV node repolarization ... Block K+ channels (primarily ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
inhibitors Other causes ... High Renin - Primary ... Ketoconazole Low ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm ... #differential #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... hypokalemia is differentiating ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... consumption • Low
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... of stones: • Urinary ... solubility: • Low ... Hypocitraturia • RTA Type ... #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... water intake (Primary ... differential #diagnosis #table
The first step is to separate seizures by how they begin in the brain. The type
The type of seizure ... , and possible causes ... Previously called primary ... Neurology #ILAE2017 #Classification ... #Seizure #Types
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Primary adrenal ... Drug-associated: heparin, low-molecular-weight ... High #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes