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Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Diagnosis and Management
 • Distal (type 1) RTA
 • Proximal (type 2)
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... and Management ... #rta #Renal #Tubular ... #Acidosis #Diagnosis ... #Management #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... - Failure of secretion ... salt diet #Renal ... #Tubular #Acidosis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Ttype 2 Overview

HCO3 reabsorptive failure
Lowering of threshold for HCO3 absorption in
Proximal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis (RTA) ... HCO3 reabsorptive failure ... Proximal #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Type 4 - 

Failure to acidify urine in collecting duct
Hyperkalemic Distal Renal ... Tubular Acidosis ... (RTA) Type 4 - ... Failure to acidify ... Hyperkalemic #Diagnosis #Management
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis (RTA) ... What is it Failure ... Distal #Diagnosis #Management ... #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... failure (acute ... Renal acidosis ... Proximal RTA (type ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Metabolic acidosis ... deficiency • Renal ... insufficiency/Failure ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Failure, esp w ... Renin/Aldosterone, RTA ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... Definitive in ESRD or failure ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Metabolic acidosis ... deficiency • Renal ... insufficiency/Failure ... SLE • Type IV RTA ... potassium #high #nephrology
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
Management of Hyponatremia ... all • Heart Failure ... • Discuss with endocrinology ... considerations: Addison's, Renal ... Tubular Acidosis