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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible ... Encephalopathy ... Reversible course ... Differential ... #Encephalopathy
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
DISTURBANCES Hepatic encephalopathy ... Neoplasm Posterior reversible ... Epilepticus #Seizures #Differential
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Treatment
Blood pressure control:
 • Aim for 10-25% BP reduction within
Posterior Reversible ... Encephalopathy ... PRES #Posterior #Reversible ... #Encephalopathy
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Posterior Reversible ... Encephalopathy ... PRES #Posterior #Reversible ... #Encephalopathy
Reversible Neurocognitive Disorders (Reversible Causes of "Dementia")
 • Structural/Mass: Subdural Hematoma, NPH, Intracranial tumor
 • Infection:
Reversible Neurocognitive ... Disorders (Reversible ... Medicine @ucsdim #Reversible ... Disorders #dementia #differential
Hair Loss (Alopecia) - General (Diffuse and Focal) Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

DIFFUSE
Scarring - Irreversible-biopsy required
 • Lupus
Diffuse and Focal) Differential ... DIFFUSE Scarring - Irreversible-biopsy ... LOCALIZED Scarring - Irreversible-biopsy ... Non-Scarring - Reversible ... #dermatology #Differential
Altered Mental Status - Encephalopathy Differential Diagnosis Framework - MINT

M - Metabolic
I - Infection
N - Neurologic
T
Mental Status - Encephalopathy ... Differential Diagnosis ... Mental #Status #Encephalopathy ... #Differential #
Differential diagnosis for toxic/metabolic encephalopathies - Patterns on Brain Imaging

Cynthia Czawlytko, MD @drcyncity

#Differential #diagnosis #encephalopathies #encephalopathy
Differential diagnosis ... MD @drcyncity #Differential ... encephalopathies #encephalopathy
“H’s & T’s“ - The reversible causes of Cardiac Arrest 
Hypovolemia, Hypoxia/Hypoxemia, Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis),
s & T’s“ - The reversible ... #HsTs #acls #differential
Causes of Encephalopathy - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hyperacute:
 - Primary Neurologic: Vascular (IS, ICH), Seizure, Migraine, Trauma
Causes of Encephalopathy ... - Differential ... : Hypertensive encephalopathy ... neurocognitive disease) #Encephalopathy ... #Differential #