33 results
Deciphering the SAAG - Serum to Ascites Albumin Gradient
Ascites is either made in the liver sinusoid
Deciphering the SAAG ... - Serum to Ascites ... oncotic pressure Low ... Matherly @liverprof #Diagnosis ... Ascites #Fluid #Serum
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis ... water retention 1) Serum ... Urine Sodium 4) Serum ... Uric Acid - Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... casts - Absent Serum ... albumin - Low ... casts - Present Serum ... #Diagnosis
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
urine sodium and serum ... - Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... Differential #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
wasting Euvolemic, Serum ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Hypervolemic, Serum ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hirsutism - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
RAPID ONSET
Medications
 • Steroids
 • Danazol
 • Progestin Containing Contraceptives
Increased Serum Testosterone
- Differential Diagnosis ... Contraceptives Increased Serum ... Adrenal Neoplasm SLOW ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
3 • Decreased serum ... • Relatively low ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... Ketoacidosis #EuDKA #diagnosis ... #management #endocrinology
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
urine magnesium x serum ... creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hirsutism & Virilization - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADRENAL EXCESS
Ovarian
 • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
 • Hyperthecosis
 • Tumor
Adrenal
- Differential Diagnosis ... Syndrome Tumor Low ... Serum Hormone Binding ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... K low/normal ... K: low/normal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology