17 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
- Insidious Edema ... - Absent Serum ... - Present Serum ... Nephritic #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Urine Microscopy Findings ... - Diagnostic of ... - Renal infection ... disorders or excreted medications ... #nephrology #casts
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
obtain the desired serum ... Side Effects: Edema ... patients sensitive to high ... #Hyperkalemia #medications ... #pharmacology #table
Ascites - Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis
The most common causes: cirrhosis, malignancy and heart failure. Approx
The most common causes ... more than one cause ... 5.3), peripheral edema ... ) / absence of edema ... perforation), Serum
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... Medications 2. ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Kidney stones caused ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... + mass effect/Edema ... Demyelinating disease caused ... - +mass effect/Edema ... sensitivity of serum
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... transfusion • HTN and edema ... Medications 2. ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Infection ... : • Infection, ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine Na+K / serum ... diuresis can be high ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology